谈谈反渗透膜(Reverse osmosis)
反渗透英文名为reverse osmosis,缩写为RO,中文又有叫做逆渗透,不过我还是习惯反渗透的叫法。
接触反渗透膜是在2006年初,那时候刚刚入职一家排名靠前的反渗透膜制造生产的美国公司做反渗透膜的研发工作,当时的主要工作是膜材料和膜配方的设计和研究。对于膜分离过程来讲,膜是心脏,膜材料又是膜的根本,膜材料决定了膜的很多本质性质,成膜过程亦是非常关键,也就是生产制造中膜的生产工艺。
反渗透膜主要分为这么几类:一是海水淡化SWRO膜,二是苦咸水淡化BWRO膜,包括常规压力的RO膜和低压LP或者低能量LERO膜两类,三是家庭用RO膜,超低压比较多。当然也还会有诸如低污染RO膜,抗氧化RO膜等,这些还是包括在前面三类当中,只不过由于膜材料改性衍生出来的具有某种特定功能和用途的RO膜种类。
国际上生产RO膜供应商主要有陶氏化学DOW FilmTec、日东电工美国海德能Hydraunautics、美国通用电气GE Osmonics、日本东丽Toray、韩国世韩等等,这些公司占有的市场份额较大,膜的质量属FilmTec和Toray的最好,但是Toray的市场份额并不高。据报道Toray已经联手蓝星公司在北京建立生产车间,准备大手进攻反渗透膜市场。另外还有很多小的公司,比如美国这边的SepRO,Pall(本身不小,但RO份额小)等等。中国现在
Nanocompoiste SWRO membranes
Veolia Water Solutions & Technology has entered in a five-year partnership with California’s NanoH2O to jointly explore opportunities for a new, higher flux SWRO membrane product. Under the agreement, which is best characterized as a technology partnership, NanoH2O
will supply its 8-inch diameter nanocomposite seawater elements to Veolia Water Solutions for use in SWRO projects.
The new membrane technology was originally developed by UCLA professor Eric Hoek before NanoH2O took over its commercialization three years ago. Since then, the company’s scientists have hand-cast more 8,000 membranes for bench testing and have pilot tested its four-inch diameter elements in a SWRO pilot unit for two years at Port Hueneme, California.















